Biotic and abiotic factors
Biotic factors
Biological factors are all the living things in an ecosystem. They depend upon abiotic factors for survival and reproduction. They are divided into three groups:
- Producers
- Consumers
- Decomposer
1:- Producers:
All plants are called producers because they produce food.
- Not only for himself but for all living beings.
2:- Consumers:
All the animals consuming plants directly and indirectly are called as consumers. Direct consumers are herbivores and indirect consumers are carnivores and omnivores Examples are goat, lion, cat, crow, etc..
3:- Decomposers:
Mostly decomposers are mostly bacteria and fungi. They break down the dead bodies of plants and animals into simple substances that plants may consume..
Abiotic factors
Abiotic factors are non-living things. They make a place liveable for organisms. These abiotic factors are basic life necessities. These include sunlight, air, soil, temperature and water.
1:- Sunlight
Most of the ecosystems receive a maximum of sunlight. However, in the marine ecosystem, sunlight can reach up to a certain depth, due to which photosynthetic activity carriede out in upper layers of water (euphotic zone). Sunlight promotes plant's growth.
2:- Air
Air provides life gases, i.e. Animals and plants oxygen for carbon dioxide.Its quality (clean or polluted) and condition (warm or cold) affect and select the variety of life. Winds help plants in pollination and seed dispersal.
3:- Soil
Soil provides nutrients, nesting and shelter place to organisms. It also gives nutrient to plants and anchor them in soil. The specific role of soil in an ecosystem changes with its type. Generally, ecosystems with loamy and clayey soils have a great variety of plants and animals.
4:- Temperature
An ecosystem with moderate temperatures flourishes the most. It makes the climate ideal for life. Extreme temperatures reduce the number and variety of life forms, such as a desert (extreme hot temperatures) and polar regions extreme cold temperatures.
5:- Water
The presence of water in an ecosystem is vital for its diversity. Animals enjoy good health while plants grow tall. Water transport nutrients in and among organism regulates temperature.
