1.9 Classification of flowering plants
Flowering plants are divided into two groups further called monocots and Dicots.
i.manoctos
For example,bearing one cotyledon in are called as monocots.
ii. Dicots
Plants having two cotyledons in their seeds are called dicots. Examples of dicots are mango, pea, rose and apple etc.
Table 1.1: Comparison between monocot and dicot plants
Monocot
1. They have one cotyledon in their seeds.
2. Their leaves have parallel veins.
3. Their vascular bundles are scattered throughout their stems.
4. Their flowers have three or multiples of three floral leaves.
Dicot
1. In thats flowers have two cotyledons in their seeds.
2. Their leaves have network of veins.
3. Their vascular bundles form a ring in the stem.
4. Their flowers have four or multiples of four floral leaves.
1.10 Comparison of monocot and dicot plants in term of seed structure
The seed of monocot plant bears a single cotyledon while that of dicot plant contains two cotyledons. Cotyledons are thick and fleshy. They store food materials. But in monocot seed, food is stored in another tissue called endosperm. Both monocot and dicot seeds contain epicotyl, hypocotyl and radicle. Seed coat is present in both plants.
1.11 Leaf shape and venation
Monocot's leaf is long and narrow and has parallel venation. For example, in the leaves of corn plants, the fine veins spread parallel to each other from the base of the leaf to its tip. Dicot's leaves are broad and veins are branched like a web throughout the entire leaf. For example, the veins in the leaves of bean plants.
1.12 Comparison of Monocot and Dicot flowers
Sepals and petals are the floral leaves of flowering plants. The flowers of monocot plants have three or multiples of three petals. The flowers of dicot plants have four or multiples of four petals.
Key Points
Classification is the division of different living things into groups and subgroups on the basis of similarities and differences.
Classification helps us to understand the relationship among different groups of organism and makes the study of organisms easy.
In this lesson we Divided all the animals into five states,namely, animalia,fungi, protista,monera.
Animals are divided into two major groups i.e vertebrates and invertebrates.
Invertebrates are those animals which have no vertebral column or
backbone.
Vertebrates are those animals which have vertebral column.
Fish, are reptiles,and birds are mammals. Worms and insects, etc. are invertebrates.
Plants are divided into two major groups; flowering plants and non flowering plants.
The plants that never bear flowers are called as non-flowering plants. Flowering plants are further divided into monocots and dicots plants.
You have already learnt that different kinds of animals and plants live in different places on Earth.They are massive in terms of physical structure and size.They have different shapes and structures due to which they are recognized and identified. It is very difficult to study the characteristic features of all living things. So the living things are divided into different groups.
In this unit, we shall learn about classification of living things in different groups. We shall also learn about classification of animals into vertebrates and invertebrates. So in this lessons we divided Flowering Plants with non Flowering plants and the flowers plants were divided into monocots and Dicots.
