CLASSIFICATION 0F LIVING THING
1.1 CLASSIFICATION
Classification is the division of living things into groups and subgroups on the basis of similarities and differences present in them. Biologists divide all the living organisms into different groups and subgroups. No one can claim to know the names of all the living things found on Earth. Scientists, therefore, have devised a classification system for all known living things.
1.2 NEED AND IMPORTANCE OF CLASSIFICATION
There Are thousands of different type 9f living Things. Each type of living organism is different from one another. It is not possible to know everything about the organisms. Therefore, scientists classified them into groups. Following is the importance of classification.
1:- It makes the study of variety of living things easy. It helps to memorize the characters of living things.
2:- It helps to understand the relationship between different groups of living organisms.
3:- By it, we can get all the information about living organisms accurately and easily with less effort in a short time.
4:- It plays role to identify groups and properly named living organisms based on their similarities.
5:- Due to this, we can know the origin and evolution of organisms.
1.3 INTRODUCTION Of MAIN KINGDOMS
Biologists have tried to classify all living organisms into broad categories called kingdoms. For many year Just two kingdoms Were Recognized the plants and animals kingdoms. This system of classification of living organisms is called as two system of classification.however these are thousands of organisms,most of all very small,thats are neither plant nor animals or have both plants and animals features.
Do you know?
Monerans Do not have a nucleus.These Organisms are called as prokaryotes.
Thats organisms are grouped separately from plants and animals. Now the living organisms are classified into five kingdoms on the basis of similarities and differences. This system of classification of living organisms is called as five kingdom system of classification. Each system is recognized as kingdom.
These are fives kingdoms of livings organisation
Monera
Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia
1. KINGDOM MONERA
Monerans are unicellular. These organisms live as single cells, or in colonies of identical cells. These have not real True nucleus.
Bacteria is an example of these organisms. These tiny organisms are present in our surroundings.They are so small in size cant they be seen with naked eyes.
Bacteria are unicellular microorganisms. Their body consists of cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm and chromosome. The chromosome is thread like structure which controls all the activities of bacterial cell. Bacteria move with the help of thread like structures called flagella present on their body. Bacterial cell may be of rod shaped (cocci), rounded, comma (bacillus) shaped or spiral (spirillum).
2. KINGDOM PROTISTS
Protists are eukaryotic organisms. They have membrane bounded nucleus. They can not be classified as plant, animal or fungs. These are mostly unicellular,but some are multicellular such as algae
Examples of protists are unicellular algae, chlamydomonas, chlorella. Mostly, protists live in water but some may live in moist soil.
Algae can make their own food. Some algae are multicellular like red algae.
3. KINGDOM FUNGI
Fungi are make up of thread-like structure called hyper. Fungi look a bit like plants, but they cannot make their own food, as they have no chlorophyll. They depend on other livings things ( livings Or Dead) for thats food.
Fungi range in size from unicellular or microscopic to a large multicellular organisms. Yeast is single-celled fungus. It lives on the surface of fruits like grapes. While mushroom, bread mold, puffball are some examples of multicellular fungi.
4. KINGDOM PLANTAE
Plants are multicellular organisms.Plants cells have hard cell wall make of cellulose.It helps to support the plant cells.Plant can not be moved from one placed to other place.Plants have definite structure and shape and consist of roots, stem and leaves. They contain green pigment called chlorophyll, found in their leaves. Chlorophyll is used to trap the sunlight for making the plant food by the process of photosynthesis.
Plants are classified into three types based on size and nature of their stems. These are herbs, shrubs and trees.
5. KINGDOM ANIMALiA
Animals are multicellular eukaryotic organisms. They can not make their own food. Animals usually moved from one place to another place. All animals are divided into two groups; vertebrates and invertebrates.
